I. General Design and Working Process

The spring cone crusher consists of a frame, transmission, eccentric sleeve, spherical bearing, crushing cone (movable cone), adjustment device, adjustment sleeve, spring safety system, and discharge opening adjustment system. Material enters through the upper feed opening into the crushing chamber, where it is subjected to compression, bending, and shearing between the movable and fixed cones (bowl), then discharged through the lower opening.

II. Main Working Principles

1. Power Transmission System

Transmission path:

• The electric motor rotates the drive shaft through a V-belt drive or clutch.
• The drive shaft rotates the eccentric sleeve through bevel gears.
• The eccentric sleeve is mounted on the main shaft, which remains stationary.
• There is an eccentricity between the inner wall of the eccentric sleeve and the outer surface of the main shaft.

Eccentric mechanism:

• The central line of the inner hole of the eccentric sleeve does not coincide with the central line of the outer circle, forming an eccentric structure.
• When the eccentric sleeve rotates, the movable cone performs a precessional movement around the central line of the main shaft.
• The main shaft is fixed to the frame; only the movable cone swings around the main shaft.

2. Movement Mechanism in the Crushing Chamber

Precessional movement:

• The movable cone, driven by the eccentric sleeve, performs a precessional movement on a conical surface.
• The movement trajectory is a conical swing, not a simple rotation.
• The speed and amplitude of points on the surface of the movable cone vary at different heights.
• The upper part has a small swing amplitude, the lower part a larger one.

Crushing process:

• When the movable cone swings toward the fixed cone (bowl), the volume of the crushing chamber on that side decreases, and the material undergoes intense compression and crushing.
• When the movable cone moves away from the fixed cone, the volume of the crushing chamber increases, and the crushed material falls down under gravity.
• The movable cone continuously swings, and each part of the crushing chamber sequentially undergoes compression and discharge processes.
• Material spirally descends in the crushing chamber, undergoing multiple compressions and crushings.

3. Spring Safety Device

Construction:

• Several groups of springs are located at the top of the machine.
• One end of the spring rests on the frame, the other acts on the support sleeve (or adjustment ring) through a pressing nut.
• The pre-compression force of the spring is adjusted by nuts.

Safety function:

• Normal operating mode: The springs are in a pre-compressed state, providing crushing force, and the movable cone maintains its normal working position.
• Metal protection: When an uncrushable object (e.g., a metal piece) enters the crushing chamber, the crushing force instantly increases.
• The springs compress further, allowing the movable cone to lower or the discharge opening to instantly expand.
• After the foreign object exits, the springs return to their original position, and the movable cone returns to normal.
• Automatic return: The entire process occurs automatically without stopping the equipment.

4. Discharge Opening Adjustment Mechanism

Adjustment device:

• The adjustment sleeve (or adjustment ring) is connected to the frame by threads.
• Rotating the adjustment sleeve causes its vertical movement.
• The adjustment sleeve supports the lower part of the movable cone.

Adjustment principle:

• When the adjustment sleeve is raised, the movable cone rises, the gap between the crushing wall and the bowl decreases, the discharge opening narrows, and the product size decreases.
• When the adjustment sleeve is lowered, the movable cone lowers, the gap increases, the discharge opening widens, and the product size increases.
• The springs constantly maintain pressing force on the movable cone, ensuring stability of the adjusted position.

III. Detailed Analysis of the Crushing Process

Stage 1: Material Loading

Material enters from the upper feed opening between the distribution cone and the feeding plate at the top of the crushing chamber, evenly distributed by gravity and the feeding device.

Stage 2: Coarse Crushing Zone

Material enters the upper part of the crushing chamber, where the swing amplitude of the crushing cone is small, performing coarse crushing of large pieces. When the movable cone swings toward the bowl, the material undergoes primary compression and crushing.

Stage 3: Medium Crushing Zone

The material descends into the middle part of the crushing chamber, where the swing amplitude increases, the crushing frequency rises, and the material undergoes multiple compressions, bending, and shearing, gradually reducing in size.

Stage 4: Fine Crushing Zone

The material enters the parallel zone (the parallel section of the lower part of the crushing chamber), where crushing is most intense, the material undergoes final powerful compression and grinding, reaching the required product size.

Stage 5: Discharge

Material of the required size is continuously discharged through the discharge opening to the next equipment or finished product storage. Material of unsuitable size continues to circulate in the crushing chamber for further crushing.

IV. Main Technical Characteristics

1. Principle of Layered Crushing

• High degree of filling of the crushing chamber with material, formation of a material layer
• Mutual compression of particles, implementation of "layered crushing"
• Reduction of liner wear, improvement of product shape quality

2. Crushing Chamber Design

• Standard Type: Deep crushing chamber, suitable for medium crushing, large feed size, coarse product
• Medium Type: Intermediate between standard and short-head types
• Short-head Type: Shallow crushing chamber, long parallel zone, suitable for fine crushing, fine product

3. Main Shaft Support Method

• The main shaft is supported on the frame through a spherical bearing
• The spherical bearing allows the moving cone to perform a precessional movement while simultaneously withstanding significant radial and axial loads
• The lubrication system provides sufficient lubrication and cooling for the spherical bearing